The cicada COVID variant, known scientifically as BA.3.2, has emerged as a significant concern in the United States as it spreads across at least 25 states. This heavily mutated variant, first identified in South Africa in November 2024, has raised alarms due to its potential to evade immunity from both vaccines and prior infections.
BA.3.2 is characterized by an astonishing 70 to 75 mutations in its spike protein, which may compromise the effectiveness of current vaccines. As of February 2026, it has been detected in at least 23 countries, with a notable presence in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, where it accounts for approximately 30% of cases. In the U.S., it was first detected in June 2025 in a traveler returning from the Netherlands.
Experts like Andrew Pekosz, Ph.D., have noted that the numerous mutations could cause the variant to appear different to the immune system, potentially leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. “It has a lot of mutations that may cause it to look different to your immune system,” Pekosz stated, highlighting the variant’s complexity.
Despite these mutations, the World Health Organization has classified BA.3.2 as a ‘variant under monitoring’ since December 2025. However, there is currently no evidence suggesting that it causes more severe disease or higher hospitalization rates compared to previous strains. Dr. Adolfo García-Sastre reassured the public, stating, “There’s no evidence that BA.3.2 is causing more severe disease or hospitalizations in countries where it’s more widespread.”
Symptoms associated with BA.3.2 include cough, fever, sore throat, congestion, shortness of breath, loss of smell or taste, fatigue, headache, and gastrointestinal issues. The variant spreads primarily through inhaling infectious respiratory particles and prolonged face-to-face interactions.
While vaccines are expected to continue providing protection against severe disease from BA.3.2, their effectiveness against infection may be reduced. Vaccination remains crucial in limiting cases, as emphasized by Pekosz, who stated, “Vaccination is still going to help limit cases.”
As of February 2026, approximately 3.7% of sewage samples nationwide have shown the presence of BA.3.2, indicating its growing prevalence. The exact reasons for the resurgence of this variant remain unclear, and the long-term impact on public health is uncertain. Details remain unconfirmed.
